Table 2.
Parasitic infection levels of X. gladius from the Mediterranean Sea (present study, codes as in Table 1) and from the Atlantic Ocean (previously analyzed by [27, 28]).
| Parasite taxa | Mediterranean Sea |
Atlantic Ocean |
||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CTS N = 85 mean size = 93.5 |
STS N = 37 mean size = 127.1 |
IOS N = 40 mean size = 87.1 |
NW N = 42 mean size = 127.9 |
CN N = 46 mean size = 106.7 |
ET N = 45 mean size = 129.8 |
TEQ N = 145 mean size = 159.41 |
CS N = 24 mean size = 148.5 |
|||||||||
| P | MI ± SD | P | MI ± SD | P | MI ± SD | P | MI ± SD | P | MI ± SD | P | MI ± SD | P | MI ± SD | P | MI ± SD | |
| Anisakis brevispiculata* | – | – | – | – | – | – | 17 | 3.0 ± 3.3 | – | – | 36 | 5.8 ± 8.1 | 44 | 13.2 ± 14.1 | 13 | 4.7 ± 6.4 |
| Anisakis paggiae* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 1.0 | 2 | 1.0 | 17 | 1.0 |
| Anisakis pegreffii* | 37 | 2.4 ± 3.1 | 14 | 5 ± 3.6 | 53 | 64.2 ± 7.6 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Anisakis physeteris* | 28 | 3.7 ± 4.1 | 5 | 3.5 ± 3.1 | – | – | 21 | 2.1 ± 1.3 | 9 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 44 | 7.5 ± 7.9 | 63 | 12.1 ± 14.6 | 17 | 6.0 ± 10.0 |
| Anisakis simplex (s. s.)* | – | – | – | – | – | – | 50 | 3.4 ± 1.3 | 22 | 4.0 ± 2.6 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Anisakis sp.2* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 20 | 3.8 ± 3.2 | 9 | 2.4 ± 1.4 | – | – |
| Bolbosoma vasculosum* | – | – | – | – | – | – | 31 | 1.5 ± 0.9 | 4 | 1.0 | – | – | 13 | 3.1 ± 2.6 | – | – |
| Fistulicola plicatus | 69 | 12.2 ± 5.8 | 82 | 7.7 ± 4.4 | 89 | 3.9 ± 3.1 | 91 | 5.1 ± 5.6 | 67 | 3.4 ± 2.8 | 82 | 7.7 ± 5.4 | 92 | 12.9 ± 10.2 | 100 | 16.1 ± 10.1 |
| Hepatoxylon trichiuri* | 1 | 1 ± 1 | – | – | – | – | 71 | 5.4 ± 6.8 | 57 | 5.6 ± 14.3 | 76 | 5.9 ± 6.7 | 75.2 | 4.1 ± 5.6 | 63 | 2.7 ± 1.8 |
| Hirudinella ventricosa | – | – | – | – | – | – | 41 | 1.8 ± 1.0 | 2 | 3.0 | 11 | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 21 | 1.5 ± 1.3 | 33 | 1.3 ± 0.5 |
| Hysterothylacium corrugatum* | 9 | 7 ± 27.5 | 24 | 6.3 ± 8.2 | 10 | 3.03 ± 32.5 | 100 | 25.7 ± 33.2 | 11 | 5.6 ± 5.4 | 91 | 18 ± 21.8 | 100 | 7.7 ± 10.6 | 71 | 14.1 ± 18.0 |
| Hysterothylacium incurvum* | 9 | 2.25 ± 57.3 | 24 | 11 ± 17.4 | 10 | 1.75 ± 89.2 | 100 | 18.6 ± 23.0 | 30 | 4.7 ± 5.3 | 91 | 54.5 ± 65.3 | 100 | 25.7 ± 35.4 | 79 | 39.6 ± 53.9 |
| Hysterothylacium petteri* | 8 | 6.7 ± 15.2 | 3 | 1 ± 34.9 | 3 | 1.04 ± 20.1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Oncophora melanocephala | 2 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 3 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | – | – | 2 | 1.0 | 4 | 1.0 | – | – | 1 | 1.0 | – | – |
| Pennella instructa | 100 | 5.5 ± 4.6 | 100 | 12.7 ± 18.7 | 100 | 5.2 ± 2.3 | – | – | 7 | 1.0 | 2 | 2.0 | 3 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | – | – |
| Prosorhynchoides sp. | – | – | 3 | 13 ± 5.5 | 3 | 40 ± 7.7 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Rhadinorhynchus pristis* | – | – | – | – | – | – | 43 | 4.1 ± 3.7 | – | – | 11 | 1.0 | – | – | 4 | 1 |
| Sphyriocephalus viridis* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 16 | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 11 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 4 | 1.0 |
| Tetraphyllidea spp. | 8 | 1.9 ± 1.1 | 62 | 8.6 ± 4.6 | 11 | 12.5 ± 5.2 | – | – | 35 | 6.2 ± 9.5 | – | – | 5 | 2.4 ± 1.5 | – | – |
| Tristoma coccineum | 29 | 3.4 ± 2.7 | 30 | 5.9 ± 3.9 | 69 | 2.3 ± 2.4 | 60 | 7.5 ± 7.2 | 59 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 18 | 2.1 ± 1.4 | 19 | 2.7 ± 2.3 | 13 | 1 |
| Tristoma integrum | 51 | 3.3 ± 3.0 | 47 | 4.1 ± 3.3 | 85 | 6.0 ± 3.7 | 76 | 7.9 ± 8.2 | 22 | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 80 | 6.4 ± 5.0 | 59 | 5.1 ± 5.1 | 54 | 3.5 ± 3.4 |
P = prevalence (expressed in percentage, %); MI = mean intensity; SD = standard deviation; N = number of swordfish examined. Parasites are listed in alphabetical order.
*Parasite taxa selected as potential biological tags for swordfish stock identification in the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean; “–” no parasites recovered.
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