Supplementary materials

Table S1. Type 1 Representative (CMB10) BLAST Hits.

Table S2. Type 2 Representative (CMB42) BLAST Hits.

Table S3. Type 3 Representative (CMB20) BLAST Hits

Table S4. Validation of 1CM_up Module via BLAST.

Table S5. BLAST result of 1M2a Module.

Table S6. BLAST result of 1M2b Module.

Table S7. BLAST result of 1M3a Module.

Table S8. BLAST result of 1M3b Module.

Table S9. BLAST of 1M3c Module (Shared by DBLMSP1 & DBLMSP2).

Table S10. DBLMSP2 Reference Module BLAST.

Table S11. Validation of 2CM_up Module via BLAST.

Table S12. GenBank accession numbers for representative sequences corresponding to each DBLMSP1 and DBLMSP2 genotype.

Table S13. Nucleotide sequences and positions of modular segments identified in DBLMSP1 (PF3D7_1035700) and DBLMSP2 (PF3D7_1036300).

Table S14. Amino acid mutation frequencies in DBLMSP1-1 genotype (n = 486).

Table S15. Genetic diversity of P. falciparum DBLMSP1-1 across different countries and regions.

© Y.W. Duan et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2026